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Read the book extract. Which four difficulties does it mention? Are any of them on your list?
science has learnt a great deal from polar erpeditions for instance, we now know a lot more about the effects polar conditions have on a person's mind and body . In the early days, explorers often went mad . One cause of this madness was later discovered: when people aren't used to living in extreme cold, their bodies use up a lot of energy to keep warm and this gets rid of all the vitamins in the body. The brain deprived of vitamins, can't work normally, at least until the body gets used to the cold. After a certain period, the body adapts itself toate its new environment and makes the most of whatever vitamins are available. The time spent in total darkness also has a negative effect on people's minds. Winter in polar regions is characterised by permanent night and lasts several months . Humanitas beings are not used to spending long periods of time in the dark. In northern latitudes people get depressed during the dark winter months. Mie we know that this depression- hnown as SAD (Seasonal Affective Discorder) can be reduced by the use of sun lamps. Low temperatures can cause any part of the body to freeze. This painful condition is called frostbite. Although the body does get used to functioning in low temperatures, the danger of frostbite is always there if temperatures,the danger of frostbite is always there if temperatures fall below freezing point. Nowadays ,polar explorers carry medication which they can take to allow the to allow the blood to flow and slowly defrost the affected parts. Another common discorder is altitude sickness. The ice is sometimes more than three kilometres thick, which makes Antarctica one of the highest regions in the world. At that altitude there is little oxigen, so headaches, vomiting and dehydration- the symptomsof altitude sickness- are common. After about a year at high altitude, the body gets used to the lack of oxygen in the air. It compensates by storing more oxygen in the blood